Gigantic Petri Dish Shows Bacteria Evolving Antibiotic Resistance
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They have build a gigantic rectangular petri dish, measuring over two meters long and half a meter wide. This petri dish is not just impressive in size, but also in the way it visualizes the evolution of bacteria. The researchers coated the dish with a gel containing both antibiotics and a nutrient source for the bacteria to grow on. They then created a gradient of antibiotic concentration across the gel, so that the bacteria could gradually adapt and evolve to become antibiotic-resistant.
The result is a stunning and terrifying visualisation of how bacteria can quickly adapt to new environments and develop resistance to drugs. As the bacteria move across the dish, they encounter higher and higher concentrations of antibiotics, which kills off weaker and more susceptible bacteria. However, the few bacteria that are already resistant to the antibiotics survive and thrive, and they pass on their resistance genes to their offspring.
Over time, the petri dish becomes a landscape of bacterial colonies, each with their own distinct shape, color, and resistance level. Some bacteria form clusters and tendrils, while others spread out in a smooth and even layer. Some bacteria turn bright green, while others remain red or yellow. The most striking thing about this petri dish is that it shows how quickly and dramatically bacteria can change and adapt to new conditions.
This research has important implications for the ongoing problem of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics have been one of the greatest medical advancements of the past century, but their overuse and misuse has led to the emergence of superbugs that are resistant to most or all antibiotics. This makes it harder and harder to treat infectious diseases and puts millions of lives at risk.
By visualizing the process of bacterial evolution in a rectangular petri dish, this research highlights the urgent need for smarter and more responsible use of antibiotics. It also provides new insights into how bacteria evolve and adapt, which could help researchers develop new strategies for combating antibiotic resistance.
In conclusion, the gigantic rectangular petri dish created by the researchers from Harvard Medical School and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology is a powerful and fascinating tool for visualizing the evolution of bacteria and understanding the problem of antibiotic resistance. It is a reminder that the world of microorganisms is constantly changing and adapting, and that we need to keep up with them if we want to stay ahead of the curve.
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Sterile Non-Treated U-Bottom 96-Well Cell Culture Plates - Pack of 100
IntroductionCell culture is an essential technique used in many fields, including biotechnology, medical research, and pharmaceutical research. It involves growing and maintaining cells from different organisms under controlled conditions in a laboratory setting. Researchers use cell culture plates to cultivate cells efficiently.In this blog, we will discuss 96-well cell culture plates, particularly U-bottom, non-treated, sterile plates, and their use in cell culture applications.What is a 96-Well Cell Culture Plate?A 96-well cell culture plate is a multi-well plate used to grow and maintain cells in vitro. It consists of a plastic plate with 96 individual wells, each with a capacity of 0.32 ml. The wells are arranged in a 12 x 8 matrix, which makes it easy for researchers to handle and analyze multiple samples simultaneously.U-Bottom vs. Flat-Bottom PlatesOne of the critical differences between cell culture plates is the shape of the bottom of the wells. U-bottom plates have a U-shape bottom, which provides more surface area for cell growth and better cell retention compared to flat-bottom plates. Additionally, U-bottom plates are useful for applications such as sedimentation assays and suspension cell culture.Non-Treated vs. Treated PlatesCell culture plates can either be treated or non-treated. Non-treated plates have no surface treatment, which allows researchers to covalently attach various coatings, such as extracellular matrix proteins or growth factors, to the wells. This feature makes non-treated plates ideal for cell differentiation studies and applications that require specific cell culture conditions.On the other hand, treated plates come with a surface treatment that enhances cell attachment. For instance, poly-L-lysine or collagen coatings improve adhesion, while poly-D-lysine coatings facilitate in suspension culture applications. Treated plates are suitable for standard cell culture and analysis experiments.SterilizationCell culture plates must be sterile to prevent contamination by unwanted microbes. Manufacturers use various sterilization techniques, such as gamma irradiation, ethylene oxide treatment, and autoclaving, to ensure sterility. Additionally, the plates are packaged in a controlled environment to prevent contamination during shipping and storage.ApplicationsCell culture plates have numerous applications in various fields. Here are some of the common applications of 96- well cell culture plates:1. Drug DiscoveryCell culture plates are used extensively in the drug discovery process to screen potential drug candidates for their efficacy and toxicity. The 96-well format allows for high throughput screening of multiple compounds simultaneously.2. Cell-Based AssaysCell-based assays are used to measure cellular responses to different stimuli, including drugs, toxins, and environmental changes. The 96-well format allows for the measurement of multiple assays simultaneously.3. Stem Cell ResearchStem cell research requires specialized culture conditions, such as specific extracellular matrix coatings, to maintain cell viability and differentiation. Non-treated 96-well plates provide researchers with the flexibility to coat the wells with their preferred coatings for better stem cell culture.Conclusion96-well cell culture plates are versatile tools in cell culture applications. The U-bottom, non-treated, sterile plates offer a high surface area for cell attachment, better cell retention, and flexibility to customize the culture conditions. In addition, the 96-well format allows for high-throughput screening and simultaneous analysis of multiple samples. When choosing the right cell culture plate, it's essential to consider the application, surface treatment, and shape of the bottom for optimal cell culture conditions.
High-Quality Pasteur Pipettes for Global Customers: Manufacturers and Suppliers from China
Pasteur Pipette Factory: Providing High-Quality and Cost-Effective Solutions WorldwideAs a leading producer of Pasteur pipettes, a vital instrument used in laboratories, Pasteur Pipette Factory has been at the forefront of providing high-quality and affordable solutions to scientists worldwide. With a focus on customer satisfaction, competitive pricing, and on-time delivery, the company has become a trusted partner for clients across the globe.Through its cutting-edge manufacturing facilities, the factory has been able to produce a broad range of Pasteur pipettes to meet the diverse needs of different customers. The products are made with superior quality materials that provide optimal accuracy, precision, and durability for various laboratory applications.The Pipette Factory's manufacturing process is designed to ensure the highest levels of quality control throughout the production cycle. The facility is equipped with state-of-the-art machines and equipment that meet international standards. This way, customers can rest assured that they are getting quality products that meet their requirements.As an ISO-certified company, the Pipette Factory provides customers with an assurance of consistency and adherence to stringent quality standards. The facility is regularly audited to ensure that the production process and quality management system are in compliance with the ISO standards. This way, the company can deliver products that meet or exceed customer expectations consistently.The company's main objective is to offer its customers around the world reliable and cost-effective solutions for their laboratory requirements. By keeping production costs low while maintaining quality, the Factory is one of the most competitive producers of Pasteur pipettes in China.The Pipette Factory has built a reputation for its excellent customer service, which involves providing clients with personalized support and advice on product selection and usage. The company's knowledgeable customer support team is always ready to assist clients with any inquiries they may have, ensuring a hassle-free experience.In addition to its high-quality products and excellent customer service, the Pasteur Pipette Factory is also committed to environmental sustainability. The company has put in place measures to minimize waste, conserve energy, and reduce pollution during the manufacturing and distribution process.As the demand for high-quality laboratory equipment continues to grow worldwide, the Pasteur Pipette Factory is well-positioned to meet the needs of customers across the globe. With its focus on quality, affordability, and customer service, the company is set to be a leading player in the global laboratory equipment market for years to come.
Looking for a reliable supplier of educational toys and science enrichment programming for schools and elementary? Look no further, because Pow Science LLC has got you covered!Pow Science LLC is a privately owned Mom & Pop shop that offers a wide range of educational toys, kits, and games that are designed to inspire children to learn about science. Since its inception, Pow Science LLC has been committed to providing high-quality products and services to schools and parents across the United States.One of the most popular products offered by Pow Science LLC is the Bomex Scientific Labware Glass Erlenmeyer Flask - 125 mL. This flask is made from high-quality, borosilicate glass, which makes it resistant to chemical corrosion and thermal shock. It has a neck diameter of 38 mm, and its volume capacity is 125 mL.The Erlenmeyer flask is commonly used in laboratory settings for mixing, heating, and storing liquids. Its unique shape allows for efficient mixing and swirling without splashing liquid out of the container. These features make it an ideal tool for science experiments and demonstrations in classrooms and homes.At Pow Science LLC, we understand the importance of inspiring children to explore the world of science. That is why we offer a variety of science enrichment programs for schools and elementary. Our programs are designed to be engaging, interactive, and educational. We believe that by providing children with hands-on science experiences, we can ignite their curiosity and inspire them to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM).Some of the science enrichment programs offered by Pow Science LLC include experiments in chemistry, physics, biology, and environmental science. Our team of experienced educators and scientists work closely with teachers and school administrators to design and implement programs that align with state and national science standards.In addition to educational toys and programs, Pow Science LLC also offers a variety of resources for parents and teachers. Our website features a blog that provides tips and ideas for engaging children in science, as well as a selection of free science resources, such as lesson plans, activities, and experiments.At Pow Science LLC, we are dedicated to promoting STEM education and inspiring the next generation of scientists and engineers. If you are looking for high-quality educational toys, science enrichment programs, or resources for parents and teachers, look no further than Pow Science LLC. Contact us today to learn more about our products and services!
Strip-Spin Adaptor for Multiple 0.2ml Tubes by UK-based Science Equipment Company
The Importance of the Strip-Spin Adaptor for PCR Tubes 0.1mlPolymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a molecular biology technique that allows the amplification of a specific DNA sequence. This technique is essential for a wide range of applications, from forensics to medical research. However, performing PCR requires several specific tools, including PCR tubes. Today, we will discuss PCR tubes of 0.1ml in size, and why the Strip-Spin Adaptor for 2x 8x0.2ml PCR strips or 1x0.2ml tubes by Cleaver Scientific is crucial for PCR applications.PCR is performed in small tubes that can contain as little as 0.1ml of sample. These tubes need to withstand high temperatures and pressures, and a robust design is necessary to avoid leaks and contamination. The advent of PCR strips, which hold multiple tubes in place, made the process simpler and faster, especially when handling large numbers of samples. However, these strips require a specific adaptor to fit in most PCR machines. Traditional adaptors can hold only one strip of tubes, adding complexity and time to the task.The Strip-Spin Adaptor by Cleaver Scientific can accommodate two strips of eight tubes each or a single tube of 0.2ml in size. Its unique design allows for efficient heat transfer, ensuring the accuracy and reproducibility of the PCR reaction. This adaptor is compatible with most PCR machines, including the Cleaver Scientific range.Using the Strip-Spin Adaptor not only simplifies the handling and loading of PCR tubes but also helps to reduce the risk of contamination between samples. Its robust design guarantees a tight fit, preventing accidental spills and leakages. Additionally, its unique shape allows for easy labelling and identification of tubes.The Cleaver Scientific Strip-Spin Adaptor is an excellent investment for any laboratory performing PCR using 0.1ml tubes. Its flexibility, ease of use and reliability make it an invaluable tool for research applications requiring high precision and reproducibility. Furthermore, its compatibility with different PCR machines ensures efficient and straightforward workflows, saving time and resources.In conclusion, the Strip-Spin Adaptor by Cleaver Scientific is an excellent solution for handling PCR tubes of 0.1ml in size. Its robust design, flexibility and compatibility make it an essential tool for laboratories working in a broad range of DNA amplification applications, such as genotyping, gene expression analysis, pathogen detection, and many more. With the Cleaver Scientific Strip-Spin Adaptor, PCR workflows are faster, more efficient, and more accurate than ever before.
How to Use a Micropipette: Tips and Volume Range Explained
Microbiology is a field of study that deals with the identification and study of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. One of the essential laboratory techniques in microbiology is the use of micropipettes. Micropipettes are precision instruments that are used to transfer small volumes of liquid from one container to another. Accurate measurements are important to ensure the success of any microbiological experiment or procedure.Micropipettes come in different sizes and configurations, depending on the volume of liquid being measured. One of the most commonly used micropipettes in microbiology is the P1000 micropipette. The P1000 micropipette is used to measure liquid volumes between 100 µL to 1000 µL, making it ideal for various microbiological experiments.To use a P1000 micropipette, an individual needs to follow a few steps. The first step is to ensure that the micropipette is correctly adjusted to the desired volume range. This adjustment is done by turning the plunger knob until the desired volume is displayed on the micropipette's digital display screen.After adjusting the micropipette's volume, the next step is to load the micropipette with the liquid to be transferred. The liquid can be loaded into the micropipette by dipping the micropipette's tip into the liquid and depressing the plunger to the first stop. This creates a vacuum that draws the liquid into the micropipette.Once the micropipette is loaded with the liquid, the next step is to transfer the liquid from one container to another. This is done by placing the micropipette's tip into the receiving container and depressed the plunger to the second stop. This releases the liquid from the micropipette's tip into the receiving container.It is important to note that the P1000 micropipette tips are further divided into micro white tips and medium white micropipette tips. Micro white tips are used for P2 and P10 size micropipettes, used for taking a volume from 0.2 to 10. Medium white micropipette tips are used for P20 micropipettes, measuring a volume range of 2 to 20.In microbiology, micropipettes are used for a wide range of applications. Some of the most common applications of micropipettes in microbiology include measuring the amount of culture to be inoculated in a medium, measuring the volume of reagents and solvents for various experiments, and transferring samples between containers with precision and accuracy.In conclusion, the use of P1000 micropipettes is a vital technique in microbiology. Accurate measurements are vital to the success of any microbiological experiment or procedure. Therefore, it is essential to follow the correct procedure when using micropipettes. By following the above steps, any microbiologist can confidently use the P1000 micropipette to measure and transfer liquids in their experiments, ensuring accurate results every time.
Government Surplus CO2 Incubator with Water Jacket Available for Bidding on GovDeals
GovDeals: The Place to Find Surplus and Unclaimed PropertyFor government agencies and organizations looking for a place to sell their surplus and unclaimed property, GovDeals is the perfect platform. From heavy equipment and vehicles to airplanes, there is no shortage of options for buyers looking to score a great deal on government surplus property.Recently, GovDeals featured a Nuaire AutoFlow NU-4750 Water Jacket CO2 Incubator in their listings. The Nuaire AutoFlow NU-4750 is a state-of-the-art CO2 incubator that provides precise temperature and environmental controls for the growth of cells and tissues. It was previously used by a government agency, but it has been well-maintained and is in excellent condition.GovDeals is a trusted platform that connects buyers with verified government agencies and organizations. The platform provides a simple and convenient way for government agencies to sell their surplus and unclaimed property while ensuring that buyers receive high-quality products. Buyers can browse listings, place bids, and communicate with sellers directly through the platform.In addition to the Nuaire AutoFlow NU-4750, GovDeals has a wide variety of other properties available for purchase. For example, they have heavy equipment such as loaders, backhoes, and excavators, as well as passenger vehicles and buses. They also offer aircraft and boats, along with smaller items such as office furniture and electronics.GovDeals is dedicated to providing a user-friendly experience for both buyers and sellers. The platform offers a variety of helpful resources, such as FAQs, tutorial videos, and customer support. Additionally, they provide detailed information about each property listed, including information about its condition, history, and any known issues.Overall, GovDeals is an excellent resource for organizations looking to sell their surplus and unclaimed property, as well as buyers looking for high-quality, reliable equipment. With a wide variety of properties available, competitive pricing, and excellent customer support, GovDeals is the perfect platform to find your next great deal.
Importance of Efficient Mixing for Anaerobic Digestion Feedstock
Anaerobic Digestion Feedstock: The Importance of Good Mixing in the Anaerobic ChamberAnaerobic digestion is an increasingly popular waste-to-energy technology that involves the microbial breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. The process yields biogas, a renewable fuel that can be harnessed for power and heat generation. While anaerobic digestion has proven effective in handling a wide range of feedstocks, from food waste and livestock manure to sewage sludge and energy crops, effective mixing is essential for maximizing biogas production and minimizing maintenance and energy costs.The anaerobic chamber, where the conversion process takes place, is designed to provide the ideal conditions for microorganisms to thrive and convert organic matter into biogas. However, poor mixing can lead to several problems that can negatively impact the process and its efficiency. For instance, incomplete digestion of the organic matter can lead to the accumulation of solids and the formation of scum, which can clog pipes, tanks, and other equipment. This can complicate maintenance and increase the risk of system failure.Good mixing in the anaerobic chamber is therefore crucial for efficient and effective operation. Proper mixing ensures that the feedstock is evenly distributed, creating a uniform environment that promotes consistent microbial activity. This helps to minimize the risk of dead zones, where little to no digestion occurs, and reduces the potential for clogging or blockage.There are several ways to achieve good mixing in the anaerobic chamber, each with its pros and cons. Mechanical mixing is the most common method and involves the use of agitators, mixers, or pumps to circulate the feedstock within the chamber. This can be achieved through various means, such as vertical or horizontal flow, which is determined by the type and viscosity of the feedstock. Mechanical mixing can be energy-intensive, however, and may require frequent maintenance to ensure proper functioning.Hydraulic mixing is another option, which utilizes the natural flow of the feedstock to achieve mixing. This can be achieved by modifying the geometry of the reactor, such as through the use of baffles, weirs, or cone-shaped bottoms. Hydraulic mixing is often combined with mechanical mixing to achieve optimum efficiency.Gas recirculation is another method used to achieve good mixing, which involves the recirculation of biogas within the reactor. This creates a mixing effect and helps to dislodge and break down solids while also promoting the growth of methanogenic microorganisms. This method can also enhance the production of biogas and reduce energy costs by using the biogas already produced in the process.In conclusion, good mixing is essential for efficient and effective operation of the anaerobic chamber in anaerobic digestion systems, regardless of the feedstock used. Proper mixing helps to ensure consistent microbial activity, reduce the risk of clogging or blockage, and enhance biogas production while minimizing maintenance and energy costs. Mechanical mixing, hydraulic mixing, and gas recirculation are all effective methods of achieving good mixing in the anaerobic chamber, and each has its pros and cons. Ultimately, the choice of mixing method will depend on factors such as the type of feedstock used, the size and design of the reactor, and the available resources and budget of the operator.
Optimize Your GC/MSD Performance with Autotune: Simple Steps to Follow
Autotune Your GC/MSD: Expert Tips and TricksWhen it comes to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), one of the key challenges for users is ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the instrument over an extended period of time. One way to achieve this is through regular autotuning, a process that involves measuring and adjusting a number of critical parameters to optimize the performance of your GC/MSD. In this blog, we’ll guide you through the basic steps of autotuning a GC/MSD, focusing on the Agilent 5975 model.Step 1: Understanding the Importance of AutotuningBefore we get to the practical steps, it’s worth taking a moment to highlight the importance of autotuning for GC/MSD users. As a complex and sensitive instrument, your GC/MSD is constantly at risk of performance degradation due to sample buildup, column contamination, and chemistry changes. Autotuning is a way to keep your instrument at peak performance and maintain the highest levels of accuracy and sensitivity.Step 2: Getting Ready for AutotuningPreparing for autotuning requires careful attention to detail, but the process is straightforward. First, ensure that the column is in good condition and properly installed. Then, check that the inlet and detector are clean and dry, and that the calibration mixtures and other tools are readily available. Finally, adjust the temperature control settings and set the run time based on your specific needs.Step 3: Performing AutotuneOnce you’ve prepared everything, you’re ready to begin autotuning. In general, the autotuning process consists of two key steps: the Tune Check and the Optimizer. The Tune Check will assess the performance of your instrument’s ion optics and signal-to-noise ratio, while the Optimizer will fine-tune the settings based on the results of the Tune Check.To perform the Tune Check, start by running a standard sample of GC/MSD quality that contains target compounds at known concentrations. Make sure that the correct injection volume is selected (typically 30µl for Agilent tips) and that the inlet temperature is within the recommended range. Once the sample has been run, the Tune Check will automatically determine the state of the ion optic and provide recommendations for adjustment.For the Optimizer, start by selecting your preferred settings for gas flow, lens voltage, and mass range. Then, run the Tune Check again to ensure that the instrument is optimized for your chosen parameters. The Optimizer will make further adjustments based on the results of this test, ensuring that your GC/MSD is running at its highest level of accuracy and sensitivity.Step 4: Troubleshooting and Best PracticesEven with the best intentions and preparation, issues can arise when autotuning your GC/MSD. Here are some common troubleshooting tips and best practices to keep in mind:- Always clean and dry your instrument thoroughly before starting the autotuning process- Review the instructions provided with your specific GC/MSD model, as some autotuning procedures may vary slightly- If you experience technical difficulties during the autotuning process, consider using third-party support services to help you resolve the issue- Calibrate your instrument frequently to ensure that it remains accurate and reliable over extended periods of use.In conclusion, autotuning is a critical process for maximizing the performance of your GC/MSD instrument. With careful preparation and attention to detail, you can ensure that your GC/MSD is running at its highest level of accuracy and sensitivity. The Agilent 5975 model is a popular choice among researchers and professionals in the field of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and following the steps outlined above will help you get the most out of your investment.
What is a Petri Dish and How is it Used in Cell Culture?
In the world of science and microbiology, Petri dishes are a crucial tool for researchers and biologists. A Petri dish, also known as a cell-culture dish or Petri plate, is a shallow cylindrical glass or plastic dish that is used to culture cells, bacteria, or small mosses. It is named after the German bacteriologist Julius Richard Petri, who invented it in 1887.Petri dishes are widely used for many different applications in the scientific field, such as testing the effectiveness of antibiotics and vaccines, studying microbial growth and behaviors, and researching diseases. These small dishes provide a sterile environment for cells and bacteria to grow in a controlled and contained setting.The basic design of a Petri dish includes a shallow, circular dish with a flat bottom and a loose-fitting, vented lid. The flat bottom allows for easy viewing under a microscope, while the vented lid allows for air circulation needed for bacterial and fungal growth.Petri dishes are often utilized in laboratories and research facilities, but they are also used in educational settings. They are an essential tool for high school and college-level biology students who are studying microbiology or genetic engineering. They allow students to experiment with growing bacteria and other microorganisms, which can help them better understand the mechanics of biology.However, not all Petri dishes are created equally. Some brands of Petri dishes are preferred over others due to their quality and reliability. One such brand is brand name removed. As a leading manufacturer of laboratory equipment and supplies, company name offers a wide variety of high-quality Petri dishes that are trusted by researchers and scientists across the globe.Company name Petri dishes are made from high-quality materials, ensuring that they are durable and long-lasting. They are designed to provide a sterile environment for cell culture, which helps to prevent contamination and maintain accurate research results.In addition to providing quality Petri dishes, company name also offers a range of accessories and equipment to streamline laboratory processes and improve accuracy. From pipettes and microscopes to sterilizers and incubators, company name has everything researchers need to conduct their experiments with ease and efficiency.Overall, Petri dishes are an essential tool in the world of microbiology and research. With the help of companies like company name, researchers and scientists have access to high-quality laboratory supplies that allow them to conduct accurate and groundbreaking research. As advancements in science and medicine continue, Petri dishes and other laboratory equipment will remain a vital part of the scientific process.